安科瑞電氣(qi)股份有限公司 上海嘉定 201801

摘要：介紹分析剩余電(dian)流式電(dian)氣火災監控系(xi)統的特點、組成、設(she)計依(yi)據、監控原理和實施方(fang)(fang)案(an)，并(bing)結合上(shang)海市某(mou)大廈工程(cheng)設(she)計實例探討該系(xi)統在高層建筑中的設(she)置要求和應用方(fang)(fang)式，供設(she)計人員參考。

關鍵詞：高層建筑(zhu)；漏電(dian)(dian)火災；剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流式(shi)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)火災監控系統(tong)；設計(ji)應用

0引言

近年(nian)隨(sui)著各種(zhong)先進及(ji)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)力(li)(li)設(she)(she)備及(ji)設(she)(she)施(shi)在(zai)高(gao)層建(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)，使人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)工作效率及(ji)生活質量得到了(le)很大的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)善和提高(gao)。但(dan)由于各種(zhong)原因(yin)，電(dian)力(li)(li)設(she)(she)備及(ji)設(she)(she)施(shi)在(zai)使用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)也(ye)存在(zai)不少問題和風險，有時甚至可能是(shi)(shi)災(zai)(zai)難(nan)性的(de)(de)(de)。根(gen)據《中(zhong)國火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)統計(ji)(ji)年(nian)鑒》統計(ji)(ji)，因(yin)電(dian)力(li)(li)設(she)(she)備及(ji)設(she)(she)施(shi)在(zai)使用(yong)(yong)過程中(zhong)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)占全國火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)總數的(de)(de)(de)近30%，火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)給人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)生活、生產(chan)、生命和財產(chan)造成(cheng)了(le)相當大的(de)(de)(de)損失，而漏電(dian)引起的(de)(de)(de)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)又(you)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)氣火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)原因(yin)，因(yin)此對(dui)漏電(dian)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)起因(yin)及(ji)監控進行研究具有重要(yao)(yao)意(yi)義。為此本文結合(he)工程設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)實例對(dui)電(dian)氣火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監控系統及(ji)其在(zai)高(gao)層建(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)進行探討。

1漏電火災及其成因

1.1漏電火災

漏電(dian)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)是指當漏電(dian)發生時(shi)，供電(dian)線(xian)路(lu)漏泄的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)在流(liu)入大地途(tu)中，遇電(dian)阻較大的(de)(de)部(bu)位時(shi)會產生局(ju)部(bu)高溫，致使附近(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)可燃物(wu)著(zhu)火(huo)(huo)，從而引起火(huo)(huo)災(zai)。此外，在漏電(dian)故(gu)障點產生的(de)(de)漏電(dian)火(huo)(huo)花(hua)或電(dian)弧，也同樣可以引燃附近(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)可燃物(wu)造成火(huo)(huo)災(zai)。

1.2漏電火災(zai)的(de)成因

⑴由(you)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流引起的(de)火(huo)災。因供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路通常會(hui)有接觸(chu)不實的(de)情況，似(si)接而(er)非接而(er)形成漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)，并導致接觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻較大，使過負荷保護裝(zhuang)置難以動作，而(er)且會(hui)在漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)處產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧。據實測，即使只有0.5A的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧溫度也(ye)可達2000℃以上(shang)，足以引燃(ran)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)故(gu)障(zhang)點(dian)附近可燃(ran)物造成火(huo)災。

⑵由零線(xian)或地線(xian)在接(jie)線(xian)端子處連接(jie)不(bu)實(shi)引起(qi)的火災。這會導致(zhi)電(dian)阻(zu)過(guo)大，然(ran)(ran)而被(bei)供電(dian)設備依然(ran)(ran)會正(zheng)常工作不(bu)受影響，故(gu)漏(lou)電(dian)故(gu)障點不(bu)易(yi)被(bei)發現。一旦漏(lou)電(dian)發生(sheng)，由于故(gu)障點接(jie)頭松動或被(bei)腐蝕(shi)等原因導致(zhi)出現高阻(zu)，連接(jie)端子處會引起(qi)高溫或電(dian)弧，從而引燃漏(lou)電(dian)故(gu)障點附近可燃物造成火災。

（3）由漏電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)引起(qi)的火(huo)災(zai)。在漏電(dian)持續發(fa)生(sheng)后(hou)，由于電(dian)流(liu)不能流(liu)散，導致阻力小(xiao)的另一回路通地，沿(yan)保(bao)護接(jie)零(ling)線(xian)（接(jie)地線(xian)）傳導使(shi)所有與之相連的電(dian)氣裝置的金屬(shu)外殼(ke)帶(dai)有對地電(dian)壓(ya)，并(bing)向鄰(lin)近低電(dian)位的供曖(ai)管、燃(ran)(ran)氣管等金屬(shu)構件飛弧從而(er)成為起(qi)火(huo)源，即使(shi)僅有20V的維持電(dian)壓(ya)都(dou)可(ke)使(shi)電(dian)弧連續發(fa)生(sheng)，從而(er)引燃(ran)(ran)附(fu)近可(ke)燃(ran)(ran)物造成火(huo)災(zai)。

⑷由零線(xian)或地(di)線(xian)的線(xian)徑選擇過小引(yin)(yin)起的火災(zai)。因零線(xian)或地(di)線(xian)的線(xian)徑選擇過小，當(dang)通過較大的漏電(dian)電(dian)流時，會引(yin)(yin)起導(dao)線(xian)的溫(wen)度不斷(duan)升高，甚至引(yin)(yin)起導(dao)線(xian)的絕緣體發生燃(ran)燒(shao)，從而引(yin)(yin)燃(ran)導(dao)線(xian)附近可燃(ran)物火災(zai)。

2剩余電(dian)流式電(dian)氣火災監控系統原理與應用

2.1系統特點

在(zai)(zai)高層建(jian)筑中，保障防火(huo)(huo)安(an)全的消防電(dian)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)主要由火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)自(zi)動報警(jing)(jing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和剩余(yu)電(dian)流式(shi)電(dian)氣火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)組成，它們分別(bie)承(cheng)擔不(bu)同的任務且相(xiang)互獨立，其關系(xi)(xi)和區別(bie)見表1。可見，在(zai)(zai)高層建(jian)筑中采用的剩余(yu)電(dian)流式(shi)電(dian)氣火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，其特點在(zai)(zai)于(yu)漏(lou)電(dian)監(jian)控(kong)方(fang)面屬于(yu)早(zao)期預報警(jing)(jing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，與火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)自(zi)動報警(jing)(jing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)不(bu)同的是，電(dian)氣火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可以(yi)在(zai)(zai)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)發生(sheng)前報警(jing)(jing)，從而(er)避免損失(shi)，而(er)火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)自(zi)動報警(jing)(jing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)只能在(zai)(zai)確認火(huo)(huo)災(zai)(zai)發生(sheng)后減(jian)少損失(shi)。

表1火(huo)災自動報(bao)警系統和剩(sheng)余電流式電氣(qi)火(huo)災監控系統的關系和區(qu)別

2.2設計依據

近年來我國為加強電氣火(huo)(huo)災防范的(de)監控力(li)度，相繼制訂(ding)或修改了相關(guan)第13.12篇(pian)規定了防火(huo)(huo)剩(sheng)余(yu)電流動作報警(jing)系統設計(ji)應滿足的(de)要求。

2.3系統構成

剩(sheng)余電(dian)流式(shi)電(dian)氣(qi)火(huo)災監(jian)控(kong)系統由電(dian)氣(qi)火(huo)災監(jian)控(kong)裝置、剩(sheng)余電(dian)流式(shi)電(dian)氣(qi)火(huo)災監(jian)控(kong)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)以及測(ce)(ce)溫式(shi)電(dian)氣(qi)火(huo)災監(jian)控(kong)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)等3個*基本的設備組(zu)成(cheng)。其中火(huo)災監(jian)控(kong)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)又(you)由監(jian)控(kong)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)和剩(sheng)余電(dian)流互感器(qi)（分(fen)對(dui)插(cha)式(shi)、閉合式(shi)兩種）組(zu)成(cheng)，而測(ce)(ce)溫式(shi)電(dian)氣(qi)火(huo)災監(jian)控(kong)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)由監(jian)控(kong)探測(ce)(ce)器(qi)和測(ce)(ce)溫傳感器(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)。

2.4監控原理

漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)監(jian)控報警(jing)(jing)主要是利用(yong)裝(zhuang)在(zai)被監(jian)控配(pei)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)來實現。剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)本質(zhi)上(shang)是一(yi)個高靈(ling)敏(min)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)，它(ta)能檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)出(chu)(chu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)上(shang)小到(dao)幾(ji)毫安(an)或十幾(ji)毫安(an)的(de)(de)(de)微小漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，而漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)則(ze)(ze)是依據剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)原理(li)來確定的(de)(de)(de)。當配(pei)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)中3條(tiao)相線(xian)(xian)(xian)和1條(tiao)零線(xian)(xian)(xian)共同(tong)穿過剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)鐵芯線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)時，在(zai)正常情況(kuang)下它(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)矢量和為(wei)零，則(ze)(ze)互(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)不會感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)應出(chu)(chu)任(ren)何電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)；但當任(ren)何一(yi)條(tiao)相線(xian)(xian)(xian)或者(zhe)零線(xian)(xian)(xian)有一(yi)部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)互(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)之后(hou)分(fen)流(liu)(liu)到(dao)大地（即漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)），此時在(zai)互(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)處它(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)矢量和就不為(wei)零了(le)，而互(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)也就感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)應出(chu)(chu)相應的(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，故(gu)稱為(wei)剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。把檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)處理(li)后(hou)與監(jian)控裝(zhuang)置設定值進(jin)行比較(jiao)，一(yi)旦達到(dao)和超過設定值，與剩(sheng)(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)連接的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣火災監(jian)控探測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)器(qi)(qi)即發出(chu)(chu)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)報警(jing)(jing)，并同(tong)時輸出(chu)(chu)脫扣跳閘信號切斷相應故(gu)障線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)源。漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)如圖1。

2.5實施方案

通(tong)過在被監控電(dian)(dian)力配(pei)電(dian)(dian)線路(lu)主開關(guan)下方安(an)裝剩余電(dian)(dian)流式電(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)災(zai)探測器(qi)和剩余電(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感器(qi)，并通(tong)過信號總線實現與電(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)災(zai)監控主機間的信息通(tong)訊來實現對電(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)災(zai)的監控，如圖2。

根(gen)據工程設(she)計的實際需要，監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統可在整(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統的任何一條配電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路上安(an)裝(zhuang)，并承擔對安(an)裝(zhuang)節(jie)點以下的相關電(dian)(dian)氣線(xian)路和(he)設(she)備的漏電(dian)(dian)監(jian)控(kong)報(bao)警，起到脫扣(kou)跳(tiao)閘(zha)保(bao)護的作用。同時也(ye)能根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)力設(she)計的需要而(er)組成二級(ji)或(huo)多級(ji)監(jian)控(kong)實施(shi)保(bao)護，并實現在相應線(xian)路漏電(dian)(dian)故障報(bao)警時有選擇性地脫扣(kou)跳(tiao)閘(zha)保(bao)護。

3工程設置與實例

3.1設置要求

JGJ16-2008《民用(yong)建(jian)筑電(dian)氣設計(ji)規(gui)范》第(di)13.12.3條規(gui)定：采用(yong)獨立(li)型剩(sheng)余電(dian)流動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作報警(jing)(jing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)且點(dian)數較(jiao)少時，可自行(xing)組(zu)成系(xi)統(tong)(tong)亦可采用(yong)編碼(ma)模(mo)塊接入火災(zai)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)報警(jing)(jing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，報警(jing)(jing)點(dian)位號(hao)在(zai)(zai)火災(zai)報警(jing)(jing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)上顯示(shi)應區別(bie)于火災(zai)探測器(qi)(qi)(qi)編號(hao)。可見剩(sheng)余電(dian)流動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作報警(jing)(jing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)氣火災(zai)監控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)中應獨立(li)配(pei)置(zhi)，并能(neng)自行(xing)組(zu)成系(xi)統(tong)(tong)或作為火災(zai)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)報警(jing)(jing)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)一個子(zi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)對電(dian)力配(pei)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)因漏(lou)電(dian)可能(neng)引發的(de)(de)(de)火災(zai)實施(shi)監控(kong)報警(jing)(jing)。

系(xi)統(tong)設置(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)要(yao)(yao)求如下(xia)：①具有預(yu)警(jing)功能，能在(zai)被(bei)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)參數(shu)發(fa)生異常但(dan)未達到監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)值前發(fa)出預(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)；②系(xi)統(tong)設計以漏電(dian)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)保護(hu)為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，而以接(jie)觸(chu)式測(ce)溫作為輔助手(shou)段(duan)對配(pei)電(dian)線路電(dian)纜實時(shi)溫度監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)；③系(xi)統(tong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)點(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)設置(zhi)在(zai)第1級(ji)大容量配(pei)電(dian)出線回路上(shang)；④一(yi)般采(cai)用報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)不(bu)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣跳(tiao)閘(zha)，只有在(zai)需(xu)立(li)即切斷電(dian)源以保障安全的(de)(de)場所(suo)才采(cai)用監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)時(shi)輸出脫(tuo)(tuo)扣信(xin)(xin)號(hao)跳(tiao)閘(zha)，此外對過(guo)載和溫度的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)只作用于(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)，不(bu)聯動(dong)(dong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)開關跳(tiao)閘(zha)；⑤在(zai)低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)的(de)(de)2、3級(ji)配(pei)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中，對漏電(dian)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)有分級(ji)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)要(yao)(yao)求且要(yao)(yao)采(cai)取(qu)自動(dong)(dong)跳(tiao)閘(zha)的(de)(de)保護(hu)對象，如網吧、KTV等場所(suo)，需(xu)以不(bu)同的(de)(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣延時(shi)來獲取(qu)自動(dong)(dong)跳(tiao)閘(zha)的(de)(de)選擇性，而上(shang)下(xia)級(ji)延時(shi)時(shi)階不(bu)宜小于(yu)0.5s；⑥系(xi)統(tong)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)節點(dian)少于(yu)16點(dian)的(de)(de)小規模(mo)工程可不(bu)配(pei)置(zhi)獨立(li)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機和信(xin)(xin)號(hao)總線，應選用獨立(li)型(xing)剩余電(dian)流監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)探(tan)測(ce)器，通過(guo)火災(zai)自動(dong)(dong)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)編碼模(mo)塊(kuai)將各監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)節點(dian)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)接(jie)入火災(zai)自動(dong)(dong)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)警(jing)系(xi)統(tong)。

3.2工程設計實例

筆者負(fu)責(ze)設計的(de)(de)上海市某大(da)廈項目，總建(jian)筑(zhu)面積46456m2，地(di)(di)下(xia)2層(ceng)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)車庫(ku)、各種機(ji)房(fang)(fang)(fang)、庫(ku)房(fang)(fang)(fang)，地(di)(di)上主(zhu)樓29層(ceng)，裙樓9層(ceng)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)會議(yi)室、餐廳、辦公(gong)用房(fang)(fang)(fang)等(deng)。建(jian)筑(zhu)主(zhu)體(ti)高度116.3m，結構(gou)形式為(wei)(wei)混凝土(tu)框(kuang)架，屬于一(yi)類建(jian)筑(zhu)。根(gen)據(ju)GB50116-98《火災(zai)自動(dong)(dong)報警(jing)系統設計規范(fan)》第(di)1點的(de)(de)規定，本工(gong)程應(ying)設置(zhi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)報警(jing)系統。因此在(zai)下(xia)列(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力線路或設備處(chu)進行(xing)了(le)監控點配(pei)置(zhi)：①變電(dian)(dian)(dian)所低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)重要(yao)(yao)出線回路；②樓層(ceng)和地(di)(di)下(xia)車庫(ku)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)火分(fen)區照明干(gan)線配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱的(de)(de)進線總開關(guan)；③應(ying)急(ji)照明區域配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱或樓層(ceng)干(gan)線配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱的(de)(de)總開關(guan)；④消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水泵、消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)風機(ji)、消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯等(deng)重要(yao)(yao)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)負(fu)荷的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱總開關(guan)；⑤客梯、空調、風機(ji)等(deng)一(yi)般電(dian)(dian)(dian)力干(gan)線配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱的(de)(de)總開關(guan)；⑥廚房(fang)(fang)(fang)等(deng)火災(zai)危險(xian)性大(da)的(de)(de)場(chang)所配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱的(de)(de)總開關(guan)。

本工程剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流式(shi)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)火災(zai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)對在火災(zai)時仍(reng)需保(bao)持供(gong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)消防(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)備(bei)、應急(ji)照明及其(qi)它不(bu)允許停電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)只設(she)(she)置(zhi)作用于報警(jing)不(bu)輸出脫(tuo)扣信號的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)節點(dian)。而在同一(yi)配電(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)柜內多(duo)路(lu)(lu)配電(dian)(dian)干線(xian)(xian)首端的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)節點(dian)采(cai)(cai)用了具有多(duo)回路(lu)(lu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)功(gong)能的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)。本系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)回路(lu)(lu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)能在一(yi)個(ge)共用的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)器上實現對多(duo)個(ge)配電(dian)(dian)回路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)參數(shu)顯示、操作、設(she)(she)定(ding)和報警(jing)等功(gong)能。本監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)主機設(she)(she)置(zhi)于首層的(de)(de)(de)消防(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)室(shi)，以(yi)獨立(li)子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)形式(shi)通過(guo)RS485通信接(jie)口與火災(zai)自動報警(jing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)主機實現連(lian)接(jie)，其(qi)消防(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)室(shi)平面布置(zhi)及監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)分別如圖3~4所示。另外(wai)，本工程電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)接(jie)地保(bao)護采(cai)(cai)用TN-S系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，為保(bao)證其(qi)與火災(zai)監(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)準確配合(he)，采(cai)(cai)用了圖5的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)方式(shi)。

3.3剩(sheng)余電流(liu)報警動(dong)作值(zhi)的設(she)置

因監控節(jie)點剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)報(bao)警(jing)動(dong)作值(zhi)能否(fou)正(zheng)確(que)選擇關(guan)系到電(dian)力線(xian)(xian)路的(de)可靠運行，是監控系統能否(fou)起到真正(zheng)預防電(dian)氣(qi)火災發(fa)生的(de)關(guan)鍵。關(guan)于剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)報(bao)警(jing)動(dong)作值(zhi)的(de)設置問(wen)題，目前在業(ye)界的(de)各(ge)種學術(shu)討論(lun)會和(he)相關(guan)技術(shu)文章中有不同提法，普遍認(ren)為應(ying)(ying)是配電(dian)線(xian)(xian)路和(he)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)設備正(zheng)常泄漏電(dian)流(liu)的(de)2~4倍(bei)。JGJ16-2008《民用(yong)(yong)建筑電(dian)氣(qi)設計規范》第5.7.5條：“選用(yong)(yong)的(de)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)保護裝置的(de)額定剩(sheng)余(yu)不動(dong)作電(dian)流(liu)，應(ying)(ying)不小于被保護電(dian)氣(qi)線(xian)(xian)路和(he)設備的(de)正(zheng)常

運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)*大值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)2倍"以及附錄B的(de)(de)(de)第B.6條(tiao)：“IΔno定(ding)(ding)義為額(e)定(ding)(ding)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)動作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，額(e)定(ding)(ding)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)不動作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)優先值(zhi)(zhi)為0.5IΔno，如采用(yong)(yong)其他值(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，應(ying)大于0.5IΔno"的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關條(tiao)文來(lai)確(que)定(ding)(ding)設(she)(she)置。一般情(qing)況(kuang)下，剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)報(bao)警(jing)動作(zuo)(zuo)值(zhi)(zhi)宜為500mA，當(dang)回路的(de)(de)(de)自然漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)較大而無法(fa)滿(man)足測量要求(qiu)時(shi)，宜采用(yong)(yong)門檻電(dian)平連續可(ke)(ke)調的(de)(de)(de)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)動作(zuo)(zuo)報(bao)警(jing)器或分段報(bao)警(jing)方式抵消自然泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)影響。因此，筆(bi)者建議剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)報(bao)警(jing)動作(zuo)(zuo)值(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)按不小于正常泄(xie)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)4倍來(lai)整定(ding)(ding)，且不應(ying)大于1000mA，這樣設(she)(she)置既可(ke)(ke)保證剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)報(bao)警(jing)動作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)靠(kao)性，又可(ke)(ke)防(fang)止固有(you)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)造成的(de)(de)(de)誤報(bao)警(jing)。

4 Acre1-6000電氣火災監控系統解(jie)決方案

Acre1-6000電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)災監控系(xi)統(tong)，是根據(ju)中(zhong)心的(de)(de)消防(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品試(shi)驗認證(zheng)，并且均通過(guo)(guo)嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)EMC電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁兼容試(shi)驗，保(bao)證(zheng)了該系(xi)列產品在低壓配電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)安全(quan)正常運行(xing)(xing)，現均已批量(liang)生(sheng)產并在全(quan)國得到廣泛(fan)地應用(yong)。該系(xi)統(tong)通過(guo)(guo)對剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、溫度和故障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧等信號的(de)(de)采集(ji)與(yu)監視，實現對電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火(huo)災的(de)(de)早(zao)期預防(fang)和報警，當必要時(shi)還能聯動切除被檢測到剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、溫度和故障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧等超標(biao)的(de)(de)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路;并根據(ju)用(yong)戶的(de)(de)需求，還可以滿足(zu)與(yu)AcreIEMS企業微電(dian)(dian)(dian)網管理云平臺或火(huo)災自動報警系(xi)統(tong)等進行(xing)(xing)數據(ju)交換和共享。

（1）應用場合

適用于(yu)智能樓宇、高層公(gong)寓、賓館、飯店、商(shang)廈(sha)、工(gong)礦企業(ye)、國家重點消防單位以及石(shi)油化工(gong)、文教衛生(sheng)、金融、電信等領(ling)域。

（2）系統結構

（3）系統功能

監控設備(bei)能(neng)接收多臺探測(ce)器的(de)剩余電(dian)流、溫(wen)度(du)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)，報(bao)警時發出聲(sheng)、光報(bao)警信(xin)(xin)號，同時設備(bei)上紅色“報(bao)警"指(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)亮，顯示(shi)屏指(zhi)示(shi)報(bao)警部位(wei)及報(bao)警類型(xing)，記(ji)錄(lu)報(bao)警時間，聲(sheng)光報(bao)警一直(zhi)保(bao)持，直(zhi)至按(an)設備(bei)的(de)“復(fu)(fu)位(wei)"按(an)鈕或觸摸屏的(de)“復(fu)(fu)位(wei)"按(an)鍵(jian)(jian)遠程(cheng)對(dui)探測(ce)器實(shi)現復(fu)(fu)位(wei)。對(dui)于聲(sheng)音報(bao)警信(xin)(xin)號也(ye)可以使(shi)用觸摸屏“消(xiao)聲(sheng)"按(an)鍵(jian)(jian)手動消(xiao)除

當被(bei)監(jian)測回路報警時(shi)，控制輸(shu)出(chu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器閉合，用于(yu)控制被(bei)保護電(dian)(dian)路或其(qi)他設備，當報警消除后，控制輸(shu)出(chu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器釋放。

通訊故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)報警(jing)：當監(jian)控設備與所接的任(ren)一(yi)臺探測(ce)器(qi)之間發生通訊故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)或探測(ce)器(qi)本身發生故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)時，監(jian)控畫(hua)面中相應(ying)的探測(ce)器(qi)顯(xian)示(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)提示(shi)，同時設備上(shang)的黃色“故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)"指示(shi)燈亮，并發出(chu)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)報警(jing)聲(sheng)音。電源故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)報警(jing)：當主(zhu)電源或備用(yong)電源發生故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)時，監(jian)控設備也(ye)發出(chu)聲(sheng)光(guang)報警(jing)信(xin)號(hao)并顯(xian)示(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)信(xin)息(xi)，可(ke)進入(ru)相應(ying)的界面查看詳細信(xin)息(xi)并可(ke)解除(chu)報警(jing)聲(sheng)

當發(fa)生剩余電(dian)流、超溫報警(jing)或通訊、電(dian)源故障(zhang)(zhang)時(shi)，將報警(jing)部(bu)位、故障(zhang)(zhang)信息(xi)、報警(jing)時(shi)間等信息(xi)存儲在數(shu)據(ju)(ju)庫中，當報警(jing)解除、排除故障(zhang)(zhang)時(shi)，同樣予以記錄。歷(li)史(shi)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)提(ti)供多種便(bian)捷、快(kuai)速的(de)查詢方(fang)法。

（4）配置方案

5結語

隨著技術的(de)不斷進(jin)步(bu)，剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流式(shi)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)災監控(kong)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)功能(neng)(neng)更加完備(bei)，已經具備(bei)了用電(dian)(dian)安全管理、控(kong)制、保護(hu)、分(fen)析、記錄于一體等(deng)智能(neng)(neng)化優點(dian)，且已被廣(guang)泛地應用于智能(neng)(neng)小(xiao)區、大(da)型商(shang)場、醫(yi)院及公共高層(ceng)建筑等(deng)場合(he)進(jin)行(xing)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)火(huo)災監控(kong)。同時為了能(neng)(neng)使剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流式(shi)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)災監控(kong)系統(tong)(tong)穩定運行(xing)，在設(she)計和應用時應考慮電(dian)(dian)力配電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)特性，選用性能(neng)(neng)可靠(kao)和技術監控(kong)系統(tong)(tong)，這樣就(jiu)能(neng)(neng)大(da)幅降(jiang)低相關(guan)應用場合(he)的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)火(huo)災發生率。

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